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Hallux Rigidus is a disorder of the joint located at the base of the big toe. It causes pain and stiffness in the big toe, and with time it gets increasingly harder to bend the toe. “Hallux” refers to the big toe, while “Rigidus” indicates that the toe is rigid and cannot move. Hallux Rigidus is actually a form of degenerative arthritis (a wearing out of the cartilage within the joint that occurs in the foot and other parts of the body).
Because Hallux Rigidus is a progressive condition, the toe’s motion decreases as time goes on. In its earlier stage, the motion of the big toe is only somewhat limited — at that point, the condition is called “Hallux Limitus.” But as the problem advances, the toe’s range of motion gradually decreases until it potentially reaches the end stage of “Rigidus” — where the big toe becomes stiff, or what is sometimes called a “frozen joint.” Other problems are also likely to occur as the disorder progresses.
What are the causes of Hallux Rigidus?
Common causes of Hallux Rigidus are faulty function (biomechanics) and structural abnormalities of the foot that can lead to osteoarthritis in the big toe joint. This type of arthritis — the kind that results from “wear and tear” — often develops in people who have defects that change the way their foot and big toe functions. For example, those with fallen arches or excessive pronation (rolling in) of the ankles are susceptible to developing Hallux Rigidus.
In some people, Hallux Rigidus runs in the family and is a result of inheriting a foot type that is prone to developing this condition. In other cases, it is associated with overuse — especially among people engaged in activities or jobs that increase the stress on the big toe, such as workers who often have to stoop or squat. Hallux Rigidus can also result from an injury–even from stubbing your toe. Or it may be caused by certain inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout. Your podiatric foot and ankle surgeon can determine the cause of your Hallux Rigidus and recommend the best treatment.
In diagnosing Hallux Rigidus, the podiatric surgeon will examine your feet and manipulate the toe to determine its range of motion. X–rays are usually required to determine how much arthritis is present as well as to evaluate any bone spurs or other abnormalities that may have formed.
What are the symptoms of Hallux Rigidus?
As the disorder gets more serious, additional symptoms may develop, including:
What are the treatments for Hallux Rigidus?
Treatment for mild or moderate cases of Hallux Rigidus may include one or more of these strategies:
In some cases, surgery is the only way to eliminate or reduce pain. There are several types of surgery that can be undertaken to treat Hallux Rigidus. These surgical procedures fall into two categories:
The procedure that is used to correct Hallux Rigidus depends on many factors, including the cause of the condition and the severity, as well as the patient’s age, occupation, and activity level. Your podiatric surgeon is trained to select a surgical procedure best suited to your particular condition and needs. If surgery is performed, the length of the recovery period will vary, depending upon the procedure or procedures performed
Diagnosis for Hallux Rigidus
The sooner this condition is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat. Therefore, the best time to see a podiatric surgeon is when you first notice that your big toe feels stiff or hurts when you walk, stand, bend over, or squat. If you wait until bone spurs develop, your condition is likely to be more difficult to manage.
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